Synephrine

Synephrine is a popular stimulant that is often used as a weight loss supplement and energy booster. It is known by many names including: Bitter orange, p-synephrine, Citrus Aurantium and Synephrine HCL. It is very similar to ephedrine / ephedrine, but synephrine, on the other hand, does not have the potentially harmful effects [1].

Synephrine is a plant extract that usually comes from the bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) plant. In addition, it can be found in many other citrus plants including mandarins, clementines and grapefruits [2]. As a result, it can also be found in very small quantities in, for instance, jam. Synephrine first appeared in Europe around 1920. And around 1930 the first study on the properties of this supplement has already been published [3].

Features of synephrine

Many athletes use synephrine before a training as it improves sport performance, provides more energy and increases fat burning [1] [2] [4] [5]. Because of this increased energy, athletes will often want to train harder which is now possible.

One of the great qualities of Synephrine is that it can increase both the energy and the metabolic rate of users without increasing heart rate or blood pressure [1] [2] [4] [5]. This strong effect has led to a large increase in popularity among athletes such as weight loss supplement and energy booster.

As a supplement for weight loss, Synephrine is a class of its own. This stimulant has been repeatedly studied because of the fat burning effects and because it increases lipolysis (lipolysis is the burning of fat for use as energy) [2] [5]. In addition, this stimulant increases the metabolic rate while it can lower your insulin resistance [2] [5]. Finally, it can lead to an increase in the number of repetitions and weight [5].

How synephrine works

Synephrine works in a unique way, because this substance has an effect on the adrenoceptors in the brain. By focusing on adrenoceptors related to such things as metabolism and fat burning, this substance is able to produce stimulating effects without increasing blood pressure.

Recommended use of synephrine

The recommended dose is 25mg synephrine once a day, according to research. Synephrine can be taken before a workout to improve sports performance, or in the morning to boost fat burning. One leveled scoop is ~ 50mg.

Other information

This supplement won’t make you fail doping tests. Despite the safety, it has been restricted by some sports federations. When you participate in competitions with doping control, it is therefore wise to check with the relevant sports association whether the use is permitted.

Safety and effectiveness

Several studies have shown that it is extremely effective and that its use is safe when normal doses are used [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13 ] [14].

More information

For more information, see: https://xbr-fitness.com/product/synephrine/

References

[1] Stohs SJ, et al. 2011. Effects of p-synephrine alone and in combination with selected bioflavonoids on resting metabolism, blood pressure, heart rate and self-reported mood changes. Int J Med Sci.
[2] Haaz S, et al. 2006. Citrus aurantium and synephrine alkaloids in the treatment of overweight and obesity: an update. Obes Rev.
[3]  F. Lasch 1927. “Über die Pharmakologie des Sympathols, einer neuen adrenalinähnlichen Substanz. (Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Frage der chemischen Konstitution und pharmakodynamischen Wirkung). Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 124 231-244.
[4] Stohs SJ. 2017. Safety, Efficacy, and Mechanistic Studies Regarding Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extract and p‐Synephrine
[5] Ratamess NA, Bush JA, Kang J, et al. 2015. The effects of supplementation with p‐synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine on acute resistances exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr12: 35
[6] Marles R. 2011. Synephrine, octopamine and caffeine health risk assessment (HRA) report. Health Canada Natural Health Products Directorate, File No. 172091, May. pp. 1–49.
[7] Lynch B. 2013. Review of the safety of p‐synephrine and caffeine. Intertek‐Cantox Report, April. pp. 1–20.
[8] Kaats GR, Miller H, Preuss HG, Stohs SJ. 2013. A 60 day double‐blind, placebo‐controlled safety study involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract. Food Chem Toxicol 55: 358–362.
[9] Ratamess NA, Bush JA, Kang J, et al. 2015. The effects of supplementation with p‐synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine on acute resistances exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr12: 35
[10] Shara M, Stohs SJ, Mukattash TL. 2016. Cardiovascular safety of oral p‐synephrine (bitter orange) in human subjects: a randomized placebo‐controlled cross‐over clinical trial. Phytother Res 30: 842–847
[11] Shara M, Stohs SJ, Smadi MM. 2017. Safety evaluation of bitter orange (p‐synephrine) extract following oral administration for 15 days to healthy human subjects a clinical trial.
[12 ] Stohs SJ, Shara M. 2013. A review of the safety and efficacy of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) and its primary protoalkaloid, p‐synephrine, in weight management In Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention, Bagchi D, editor; , Preuss HG, editor. (eds), Second edn. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA; Chapter 37; 535–554.
[13] Gutierrez‐Hellin J, Coso JD. 2016. Acute p‐synephrine ingestion increases fat oxidation rate during exercise. Br J Clin Pharmacol 82: 362–368.
[14] Jung YP, Dalton R, Rasmussen C, Murano P, Earnest CP, Kreider RB. 2017. Effects of acute ingestion of a pre‐workout dietary supplement ingestion with and without synephrine resting energy expenditure, cognition and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 14: 3